Information Architecture refers to the organization of the navigation content and other media elements on a web site. Both per page and site wide a web designer must consider many factors and knowing as much information about the target visitors as possible is always beneficial. Proper application of information architecture requires a web designer to use semantic markup while writing the HTML portion of a site using CSS and JavaScript. To apply the visual formatting and interactive functionality a strong sense of heuristics and usability is also vital to determine whether a website website's information organization is effective.